System of distribution and control.



R. E. HELLMUND.

SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUHON AND CONTROL.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. Is. 1914.

1,242,936. Patented Oct. 16,1917.

2 SHEETSSHEET I.

- WITNESSESi i I E 0R z gwwa BY I R. E. HELLMUNIJ.

SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION AND CONTROL.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. I9. I914.

. 1,242,936. Patented 001;. 16,1917.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- -9. a f f 7723 70 7/ vv v WITNESSES: INVENTOR M- W 7ATTORNEY IJNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BUDOLF E. HELLMUND, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGQTOR; '10 WESTING-HOUSE ELECTRIC AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A. CORPORATION OF PENNSYL-'VANIA.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 16, 1917'.

Application filed February 19, 1914. Serial No. 819,739.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RUDoLF E. HELL- MUND, a subject of the GermanEmpire, and a resident of Pittsburgh in the county of Allegheny andState liennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement inSystems of Distribution and Control, of

which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to alternating current single-phase distributionsystems and to the control of polyphase induction motors adapted to beoperated therefrom through the agency of a so-called phase converter,

The object of my invention is to provlde automatic means for regulatingthe amount and phase position of the voltage delivered vide asinglephase alternating current commutator motor for starting a phaseconverter and bringing it up to normal speed, after which the armatureand field magnet windings of the starting motor are associated with therespective independent circuits of the phase converter and driving motorfor purposes of regulation.

In my copending application Serial No. 819,737, filed of even dateherewith, I have disclosed a means for regulating the operation of phaseconverters under load conditions through the agency of the switchingdevices which are manually operated.

It is my present purpose to provide an automatic means for accomplishingthe same result, and, moreover, to utilize the starting motor to attainthe desired ends.

According to my present invention, I propose to excite the field of thestarting motor from one phase of the converter, While the armaturethereof is associated with the other phase, for the purpose of adding acorrecting component to this second phase which shall vary automaticallyin accordance with the load and shall inherently compensate for changesin the converter secondary voltage and the phase position thereof.

tem of distribution and control embodying.

my invention, Figs. 2,3, 4 and 5 are simplified diagrammatic views ofmodified systems embodying my invention, and Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 arediagrammatic views of the circuits that are completed underpredetermined conditions in the system of Fig. 5.

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawing, the system shown, embodies a sourceof single phase energy 1, a transformer 2, a phase converter 3, apolyphase induction motor 4, a single-phase starting motor 5, a startingresistor 6 and a controller 7. The single phase source of energy 1 isadapted to excite a primary winding 10 of the transformer 2, thesecondary winding 11 of which may be connected to the starting motor 5,or to the phase converter 3 and induction motor 4 by means of thecontroller 7.

The phase converter 3 may constitute a two-phase induction motor of thesquirrel cage type, having a rotor 13, a primary exciting winding 14 anda secondary winding 15, the latter two windings being separated andelectro-magnetically associated in quadrature relation in the usualmanner.

The induction motor 4 may be of any suitable. construction adapted foroperation upon two-phase energy and is'provided with a plurality ofwindings 17 and 18 which are located upon its stator and a plurality ofwindings 19 and 20 associated with its rotor and connected to a liquidrheostat 21. The starting motor 5 is of the single-phase commutator typeand is provided with an armature 22, a field magnet Winding 23 and anauxiliary compensating field magnet winding 23. The armature 22 ismechanically connected to. the rotor 13 of the converter 3.

The controller 7 is merely illustrative of any suitable device foreffecting the connections desired. and, as shown, comprises a rotatabledrum having contact members 25 to 31, inclusive, which are adapted toco6perate with a plurality of stationary contact terminals 33 to 44,inclusive, upon the position-indicating lines a, b, 0 and 03.

Assuming the apparatus and connections to be as shown, the operation ofthe system is as follows: The controller 7 is first moved into positiona, thereby completing a circuit from one terminal of the transformerwinding 11 which includes contact terminal 33, conducting member 25,contact terminal 34, conductor 47, field magnet winding 23 of thestarting motor 5, conductor 48, contact terminal 36, conducting member27, contact terminal 37, conductor 49, armature 22 of the starting motor5, conductor 50, contact terminals 43 and 40 which are bridged byconducting member 30 and resistor 6, to the other terminal of thetransformer winding 11.

Thus, energy is supplied to the motor 5 and to start it into opertaionto drive the phase converter 3.

As controller 7 is moved into positions 6 and c, the several sections ofthe resistor 6 are successively excluded, and the starting motor 5gradually brings the phase converter 3 up to normal running speed. Underthese conditions, the controller 7 is moved into its position d, therebydisconnecting the starting motor 5 from the transformer winding 11, andestablishing a circuit from one terminal of said winding which includescontact terminal 33, conducting member 25, contact terminal 34,conductor 47, field magnet winding 23 of the starting motor 5, conductor48, contact terminal 36, conducting member 26, contact terminal 35 andconductor 55, Where the circuit divides, one branch including theexciting winding 14 of the phase converter 3 and the other branchincluding winding 17 of the driving motor 4, and thence throughconductor 56, contact terminal 39, conducting member 29, and contactterminal 40 to the other terminal of transformer winding 11.Concurrently with the establishment of the circuit just traced, anothercircuit is completed from one terminal of the starting motor armature 22through conductor 49, contact terminal 37, conducting member 28, contactterminal 38, conductor 58, winding 18 of the driving motor 4, winding 15of the converter 3, conductor 59, contact terminal 44, conducting member31, contact terminal .43 and conductor 60 to the other terminal of thearmature 22.

Having completed'the circuits just traced, the starting motor fieldmagnet winding 23 and its armature 22 are respectively connected intoseparate circuits which respectively include the converter winding 14and motor winding 17, and the converter winding 15 and motor Winding 18.Inasmuch as the voltage of the windings 14 and 17 is substantially inquadrature with that of the windings 15 and 18, the exciting voltageapplied to the field magnet winding 23 of the starting motor 5, nowemployed as a regulator, will cause the armature 22 to deliver a voltagein quadrature to that of the secondary winding'15 of the converter 3.

Therefore, since the excitation of the slngle-phase commutator machlne 5varies with the load, it is clear that a variable outof-phase correctingcomponent of voltage is lmpressed u on the secondary converter circuit,which inherently and automaticall regulates the convertercharacteristics wit respect to the amount and phase position of theconverter voltage under varymg conditions of load.

In Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5 I have illustrated modified forms of my inventionby means of simplified diagrams of a portion of the main circuitconnections, and have shown the necessary switches for efiecting thedesired connections. For the sake of simplicity and clearness,hand-operated switches are illustrated although it will be understoodthat, in actual operation, these switches will be embodied in a suitablecontroller or be electrically operated and governed by a suitable mastercontroller.

Referring to Fig. 2, the starting motor 5 is provided with an armature22, a main field magnet winding 23 and an auxiliary field winding 23.The armature winding 22 is designed for a relatively low currentcarryingcapacity and is connected to a primary winding of a transformer 71having a secondary winding 72 which is adapted to be connected in thesecondary converter circuit during normal operation. In-this manner, thewinding of the armature 22 is not required to carry full-load current asis necessitated with the starting motor shown in Fig. 1. The ratio oftransformation between the primary windin 70 and secondary winding 72 ofthe trans ormer 71 is such as to provide a secondary winding adapted tohandle the load. current.

For starting, switches 73 and 74 are closed, thereby completing acircuit from the main transformer 2 which includes field magnet winding23, switch 73, secondary transformer winding 72 and switch 74. Energy isthus supplied to the motor which starts into operation and is brought upto speed in a well-known manner, after which the switches 73 and 74 areopened and switches 75, 76 and 77 are closed. By so doing, the fieldmagnet winding 23 is connected in circuit with winding 17 of the drivingmotor 4 and is excited in phase with said winding and winding 14 of thephase converter 3. The secondary converter winding 15, the transformerwinding 72 and the driving motor winding 18 are connected in a localcircuit. I

Under load conditions, the exciting winding 23 of the starting motor 5causes a voltage to be generated in the armature 22 in phase with thatof the converter winding 14 and motor winding 17, and, this voltage istransformed, through the transformer 71, and impressed upon thesecondary circuit which includes the converter winding 15 and motorwinding 18. Thus, an out-of-phase correcting voltage which varies inaccordance with the load and automatically compensates for voltagechanges and phase distortion is introduced into the secondary con-'verter circuit. v

In Fig. 3, the starting motor 5 is so designed that its auxiliarywinding 23" may be.

motor 5, in itself, may accomplish the function ofthe separatetransformer 71 shown in Fig. 2.

In starting, switches 80 and 81 are closed, thereby establishing acircuit which includes 29 the field magnet winding 23, switch 80,auxiliary field magnet winding 23 and switch 81. The armature 22, beingshort-circuited and energy being supplied. to the field magnet winding23 and 23", the motor 5 is brought 2 5 up to speed as a repulsion motorin accordance with well-known principles.

Having attained full running speed, switches 80 and 81 are opened, andswitches 75, 7 6 and 77 are closed to establish circuits 30 similar tothose described with respect to the system shown in Fig. 2, except thatthe auxiliary field magnet winding 23 is employed in place of thetransformer winding 72.

Reference may now be had to Fig. 4, in

which the starting motor 5 is provided with a plurality of main fieldwindings 23 and 23 and an auxiliary field magnet winding 23*. One ofthemain field magnet windings 23 is designed to meet startingconditions,

40 while the other winding 23 is intended for regulation. The motor 5 isstarted by closing switches 85 and 86, thus connecting the startingwinding 23 in series with 'the armature 22, while short-circuiting theauxiliary field winding 23. Having brought the motor 5 up to normalrunning speed switches 85 and 86 are open and switches 7 5, 87, '91

and 77 are closed. The regulating winding 23 is thus connected incircuit with the driving motor winding 17, while auxiliary winding 23 isconnected in the secondary circuit which includes the converter winding15 and motor winding 18. Moreover, the

armature 22 is short-circuited by switch 91.

Referring now to Fig. 5, the starting motor 5 is provided with a singlemain field magnet winding 23 which is normally adapted to meet thestarting requirements, but which may be energized by means of an 0auxiliary transformer 89, in accordance with load conditions, forpurposes of regulation. For starting, switches 85 and 86 are closed ,toestablish connections through switch 85, field magnet winding 23 andarmature 22 and to short-circuit the auxiliary. field winding 23. Thestarting motor 5 may thus be operated, and normal running speedconditions obtained.

For purposes of regulation, switches 85 and 86 are opened andswitches'75, 76, 90, 91 and 77 are closed. Upon the closure of theswitches recited, a primary winding 92 of the transformer 89 isconnected in circuit with the driving motor winding 17 and is excited inphase with said winding and the converter winding 14. Inasmuch as thesecondary transformer winding 93 is connected across the field magnetWinding 23, said field magnet winding is energized in accordance withload conditions and is adapted for normal operation. Furthermore, thearmature 22 is short-circuited through switch 91, while the auxiliaryfield magnet winding 23 is connected into the secondary circuit whichincludes converter winding 15 and motor winding 18.

In all of the systems shown in Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5 the starting motor 5is adapted to effect automatic regulation under operating conditions andinaccordance with the variations in load. Moreover, the main fieldmagnet winding of the starting motor is connected either conductively orinductively in series relation with one phase of the driving motor 4,while the armature of the starting motor is associated, either directlyor indirectly, with the other phase of said converter and said drivingmotor. Thus, an out-of-phase correcting component of voltage isintroduced into the secondary converter circuit which varies inaccordance with the load and which, therefore, automatically regulatesthe operation of the converter and maintains its voltage at its properamount and phase position.

Although I have shown and described my invention in connection withspecial arrangements of connections and apparatus, and particular typesof dynamo-electric machines, those skilled in the art will readilyunderstand that my invention is not necessarily restricted to thespecific means and connections shown, and I desire-that only suchlimitations shall be imposed as are indicated in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. The combination with a source of en ergy, a phase converter and adynamo-electric machine adapted to receive energy from said converter,of auxiliary dynamo-electric means partially dependent upon loadconditions of said first dynamo-electric machine for alone varying theamount and phase position of the delivered converter voltage.

2. The combination with a source of energy, a phase converter and adynamo-electric machine adapted to receive energy from said converter,of an auxiliary dynamo-electric machine having its component windingsconnected to different circuits of said first dynamo-electric machinefor alone regulating its operation. I

3. The combination with a source of en: ergy, a polyphase converter anda dynamoelectric machine adapted to receive ener y from said. converter,of a single-phase ynamo-electric machine having an armature and fieldmagnet winding respectively connected with different circuits of saidfirst dynamo-electric machine. 4. The combination with a source ofenergy, a polyphase converter having certain windings connected to saidsource and other windings separate therefrom and operatively'related tosaid first windings, and a dynamo-electric machine having certainwindings connected in multiple to said first converter windings andother windings connected in series with the second converter windings,of a single-phase dynamo-electric machine having armature and fieldmagnet windings respectively connected with the several windin s of saidfirst machine.

5. The com ination with a source of energy, a phase converter and adynamoelectric machine'adapted to receive energy from said phaseconverter, of means for starting said converter, and means for employingsaid starting means to regulate the characteristics of said phaseconverter under operating conditions.

6. The combination with a source of energy, a polyphase converter havingindependent phase windings, and a dynamo-electric machine adapted toreceive energy from said converter, of an auxiliary dynamo-electricmachine having armature and field windings respectively connected to thewindings of said first'dynamo-electric machine.

7. The combination with a source of energy, a phase converter and adynamoelectric machine adapted to receive energy from said phaseconverter, of auxiliary dynamo-electric means dependent upon loadconditions for alone regulating the operating characteristics of saidconverter.

8. The combination with a source of energy, a phase converter and adynamoelectric machine adapted to receive energy from said phaseconverter, of auxiliary dynamo-electric automatic means for aloneautomatically varying the amount and phase positlon of the convertervoltage under varying load conditions.

9. The combination with a source of energy, a phase converter and adynamoelectric machine adapted to receive energy from said phaseconverter, of auxiliary dynamo-electric means for alone automaticallycompensating for the phase distortion of said converter under varyingload conditions.

10. The combination with a source of energy, a phase converter and adynamoelectric-machine adapted to receive ener from said phaseconverter, of a motor or starting sald phase converter, and means forconnectin said starting motor in circuit with sai converter under normal0peratin conditions.

11. he combination with a source of energy, a phase converter and adynamoelectric machine adapted to receive ener from said phaseconverter, of a motor or starting said phase converter, and means forelectrically associating said startin motor with said converter underfull-spec conditions, to effect predetermined regulation of saidconverter.

12. The combination with a source of energy, a pol phase converter and adriving motor, 0 an alternating-current commutator machine mechanicallyassociated with said converter and having an armature, a normallyshort-circuited auxiliary field-magnet winding and a main field-magnetwinding, means for connectin said armature and said main field windlngin series for starting, a transformer having one winding connected incircuit with one phase of said driving motor for exciting said mainfield winding, and means for short-circuiting said armature andconnecting said auxiliary field winding in circuit with the other phaseof said converter under operating conditions.

13. The combination with a source of energy, a phase-converter and adynamoelectric machine mechanically coupled with said converter andhaving an armature and a field winding, of means for initially employingsaid dynamo-electric machine to bring said converter up to speed, andmeans for subsequently utilizing said machine for purposes of regulationwith said armature and field winding connected to different circuits ofsaid dynamo-electric machine.

14. The combination with a source of energy, a phase converter and a.driving motor, of an alternating-current commutator machine associatedwith said phase converter and having an armature, an auxiliary fieldwinding adapted to be short-circuited and a main field winding, andmeans for connecting said armature and said main field winding in seriesfor starting, and for connecting said main field winding in circuit withone phase of said driving motor and the auxiliary field winding in theother phase thereof for running.

15. The combination with a source of energy, a polyphase converter and adynamo-electric machine, of an alternatin -current commutator machinemechanical y associated with said converter and having an armature, anormally short-circuited auxiliary field-magnet winding and a mainfieldmagnet winding, means for connecting said machine to operate as asinglebase motor for starting said converter, all .means forshort-circuiting said armature, connecting said auxiliary field incircuit with one phase of said converter and for influencing the mainfield winding from the other phase of said dynamo-electric machine.

16. A balanced phase converter system comprising a phase converter, acircuit for supplying current of one phase to the converter, a circuitfor delivering current of a different phase to the load, one of thecircuits comprising three or more branches, and a series excitedgenerator connected in a pluralit of the branches for balancing thevoltages etween the branches throughout variation in load.

17. A balanced phase converter system comprising a phase converter forconverting current of one phase into current of dif-' ferentv phase, apolyphase circuit having a plurality of branches connected to theconverter, a generator connected in one of the branches for balancingthe electro-motive forces in the branches, and means for producing inthe field of the generator a magnetomotive force approximatelyproportional to and in uadrature with the current in the generatorranch.

18. A balanced phase converter system comprising a phase converter forconverting current 0 one hase into current of different phase, a poyphase circuit having a plurality of branches connected to the Iconverter, a generator having its armature connected in one of thebranches for balancing the electromotive forces in the branches, andmeans for producing in the field of the generator a magnetomotive forceapproximately proportional to and in quadrature with the current in thegenerator branch.

19. A balanced phase-converter system comprising means for convertingcurrent of one phase into polyphase current of a different phase, abranched circuit for conducting the polyphase current from theconverter, and coils in a plurality of branches inductively connectedtogether for maintaining balanced phase relations and voltage conditionsin the polyphase circuit.

20. A balanced phase-converter system comprising a phase converter, acircuit for supplying current of one phase to the converter, and acircuit for delivering current of a different phase to the load, one ofthe circuits comprising three or more branches, and means forinductively relating a plurality of the branches whereby the voltagesbetween the branches may be equalized throughout variation 1n load.

In testimony whereof,- I have hereunto.

subscribed my name this 14th day of Feb.,

RUDOLF E. HELLMUND.

Witnesses:

B. B. Hmns, M. 0. Man.

